Landforms (like mountains and valleys) form slowly over time as wind and water wear away rock and soil.

Weathering breaks rock apart without moving it, and comes in three types:

• Chemical weathering — a chemical (like carbon dioxide in rain) reacts with rock to break it down, as with limestone.

• Physical weathering — ice, moving water, or heat physically break rocks apart.

• Biological weathering — plants or animals break rock apart, like a weed splitting a sidewalk crack.

Erosion is different from weathering — it's when those already-broken rock pieces get moved by wind or water.

Together, weathering and erosion reshape landforms over long stretches of time..

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